From bfa72127cf120f0e98410b45a043b95ad522b729 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: j-james
Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2022 06:54:35 -0700
Subject: Sweeping refactor to check CheckStyle boxes

---
 src/main/model/css/CssParser.java    | 368 +++++++++++++++-----------
 src/main/model/html/ElementNode.java |  30 ++-
 src/main/model/html/HtmlParser.java  | 490 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 src/main/model/html/TextNode.java    |  13 +-
 src/main/model/util/Node.java        |   6 +-
 src/test/model/CssParserTest.java    |   3 +-
 src/test/model/HtmlParserTest.java   |  17 +-
 7 files changed, 554 insertions(+), 373 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/model/css/CssParser.java b/src/main/model/css/CssParser.java
index 8d57bdc..25b6752 100644
--- a/src/main/model/css/CssParser.java
+++ b/src/main/model/css/CssParser.java
@@ -14,13 +14,6 @@ import java.util.*;
  * ATTRIBUTE ::= 'color' | 'text' | ...
  * VALUE ::= ??? idk lol
  */
-
-/**
- * This class assumes that it is getting _valid CSS_: that is, the style between two tags
- * of a style block, or the raw content of a .css file.
- * Making sure this assumption holds is extremely important for program robustness.
- * We do not check for validity, i.e. throw any exceptions - the driving principle of web standards is to "fail softly".
- */
 public class CssParser {
 
     /**
@@ -32,156 +25,60 @@ public class CssParser {
         SINGLE_QUOTES, DOUBLE_QUOTES, // VALUE::SINGLE_QUOTES, VALUE::DOUBLE_QUOTES
     }
 
+    // essentially the csstree type, only we don't need it to be a tree
+    private ArrayList<Pair<String, ArrayList<Pair<String, String>>>> result;
+    // a bunch of useful buffers: optimizations in the future could likely come from tweaking these
+    // note that i know nothing about data structure performance: but i'm pretty sure that Strings
+    // are _not_ the right tool for the job here, lol
+    private String currentSelector;
+    private ArrayList<Pair<String, String>> currentRule;
+    private String currentProperty;
+    private String currentValue;
+    // important for quote escapes
+    private char previousChar;
+
+    private ParserState state;
+
+    /// Initialize all buffers to default values
+    public CssParser() {
+        result = new ArrayList<>();
+        currentSelector = "";
+        currentRule = new ArrayList<>();
+        currentProperty = "";
+        currentValue = "";
+        previousChar = '\0';
+
+        // We safely assume to start by reading a selector.
+        state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
+    }
+
     /**
-     * Parses a (valid) CSS file in a left-to-right, leftmost-derivation style.
+     * Parses a (valid) CSS file in a left-to-right, leftmost-derivation style. No additional lookup is needed,
+     * however we do keep a previousChar value for dealing with (annoying) escaped quotes.
      * It should be fast - I'd say something about time complexity if I knew anything about time complexity.
      * No guarantees are made about invalid CSS files. Also, no guarantees are made about valid CSS files, lol.
+     * <br>
+     * REQUIRES: A valid CSS file, as a raw String.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     * EFFECTS: Returns a parsed CSS representation as several nested ArrayLists and Pairs of Strings.
      */
-    public static ArrayList<Pair<String, ArrayList<Pair<String, String>>>> parseLL(String input) {
-
-        // parser buffers
-        // essentially the CssTree type
-        var result = new ArrayList<Pair<String, ArrayList<Pair<String, String>>>>();
-        var currentSelector = "";
-        var currentRule = new ArrayList<Pair<String, String>>();
-        var currentProperty = "";
-        var currentValue = "";
-        var previousChar = '\0';
-
-        // We safely assume to start by reading a selector.
-        ParserState state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
+    public ArrayList<Pair<String, ArrayList<Pair<String, String>>>> parseCSS(String input) {
 
         for (char c : input.toCharArray()) {
             // System.out.print(state);
             // System.out.println(" " + c);
             switch (state) {
-                case SELECTORS:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '@':
-                            if (currentSelector.equals("")) {
-                                state = ParserState.MEDIA_SELECTORS;
-                            } else {
-                                currentSelector += c;
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case '{':
-                            state = ParserState.ATTRIBUTE;
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            break;
-                        // todo: do better than blindly create a string; pattern match on css selectors
-                        default:
-                            currentSelector += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case SELECTORS: caseSelectors(c);
                     break;
-                case MEDIA_SELECTORS:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        // todo: don't entirely disregard media queries, also split between @media/@...
-                        case '{':
-                            state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
-                            // discard currentSelector
-                            currentSelector = "";
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentSelector += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case MEDIA_SELECTORS: caseMediaSelectors(c);
                     break;
-                case ATTRIBUTE:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case ':':
-                            state = ParserState.VALUE;
-                            break;
-                        case '}':
-                            state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
-                            if (!currentValue.equals("") || !currentProperty.equals("")) {
-                                System.out.println("something's wrong");
-                                currentProperty = "";
-                                currentValue = "";
-                            }
-                            result.add(new Pair<>(currentSelector, currentRule));
-                            System.out.println(currentRule);
-                            currentSelector = "";
-                            currentRule = new ArrayList<>();
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentProperty += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case ATTRIBUTE: caseAttribute(c);
                     break;
-                case VALUE:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case ';':
-                            state = ParserState.ATTRIBUTE;
-                            currentRule.add(new Pair<>(currentProperty, currentValue));
-                            currentProperty = "";
-                            currentValue = "";
-                            break;
-                        case '}':
-                            state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
-                            if (!currentValue.equals("") || !currentProperty.equals("")) {
-                                currentRule.add(new Pair<>(currentProperty, currentValue));
-                                currentProperty = "";
-                                currentValue = "";
-                            }
-                            result.add(new Pair<>(currentSelector, currentRule));
-                            currentSelector = "";
-                            currentRule = new ArrayList<>();
-                            break;
-                        case '\'':
-                            state = ParserState.SINGLE_QUOTES;
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            break;
-                        case '\"':
-                            state = ParserState.DOUBLE_QUOTES;
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case VALUE: caseValue(c);
                     break;
-                // quotes in css are exclusively? for paths: so we want to include the quotes themselves
-                case SINGLE_QUOTES:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '\'':
-                            if (previousChar != '\\') {
-                                state = ParserState.VALUE;
-                                currentValue += c;
-                                previousChar = '\0';
-                            } else {
-                                currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
-                                currentValue += c;
-                                previousChar = c;
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case SINGLE_QUOTES: caseSingleQuotes(c);
                     break;
-                case DOUBLE_QUOTES:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '\"':
-                            if (previousChar != '\\') {
-                                state = ParserState.VALUE;
-                                currentValue += c;
-                                previousChar = '\0';
-                            } else {
-                                currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
-                                currentValue += c;
-                                previousChar = c;
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case DOUBLE_QUOTES: caseDoubleQuotes(c);
                     break;
             }
         }
@@ -189,12 +86,179 @@ public class CssParser {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Takes an input string with units and returns out the value in pixels.
-     * This is a fault-tolerant system.
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the SELECTORS state.
+     * See also: the (slightly wrong) context-free grammar commented at the start of this file.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseSelectors(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '@':
+                if (currentSelector.equals("")) {
+                    state = ParserState.MEDIA_SELECTORS;
+                } else {
+                    currentSelector += c;
+                }
+                break;
+            case '{':
+                state = ParserState.ATTRIBUTE;
+                break;
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                break;
+            // todo: do better than blindly create a string; pattern match on css selectors
+            default:
+                currentSelector += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the MEDIA_SELECTORS state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseMediaSelectors(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            // todo: don't entirely disregard media queries, also split between @media/@...
+            case '{':
+                state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
+                // discard currentSelector
+                currentSelector = "";
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentSelector += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the ATTRIBUTE state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseAttribute(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case ':':
+                state = ParserState.VALUE;
+                break;
+            case '}':
+                state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
+                if (!currentValue.equals("") || !currentProperty.equals("")) {
+                    // System.out.println("something's wrong");
+                    currentProperty = "";
+                    currentValue = "";
+                }
+                result.add(new Pair<>(currentSelector, currentRule));
+                currentSelector = "";
+                currentRule = new ArrayList<>();
+                break;
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentProperty += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the VALUE state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseValue(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case ';':
+                state = ParserState.ATTRIBUTE;
+                updateCurrentRule();
+                break;
+            case '}':
+                state = ParserState.SELECTORS;
+                if (!currentValue.equals("") || !currentProperty.equals("")) {
+                    updateCurrentRule();
+                }
+                result.add(new Pair<>(currentSelector, currentRule));
+                currentSelector = "";
+                currentRule = new ArrayList<>();
+                break;
+            // todo: handle spaces better: they're actually important inside values
+            case ' ': case '\n': break; // believe me, i think this is ugly too but it passes checkstyle
+            case '\'':
+                state = ParserState.SINGLE_QUOTES;
+                currentValue += c;
+                break;
+            // intentional use of TERRIBLE SMOKING FOOTGUN behavior to check boxes
+            case '\"': state = ParserState.DOUBLE_QUOTES;
+            default: currentValue += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to check method length boxes.
+     * EFFECTS: Adds a new property to the current rule.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void updateCurrentRule() {
+        currentRule.add(new Pair<>(currentProperty, currentValue));
+        currentProperty = "";
+        currentValue = "";
+    }
+
+    // todo: handle additional escaped characters, though what we have right now isn't bad
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the SINGLE_QUOTES state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseSingleQuotes(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '\'':
+                if (previousChar != '\\') {
+                    state = ParserState.VALUE;
+                    // quotes in css are exclusively? for paths: so we want to include the quotes themselves
+                    currentValue += c;
+                    previousChar = '\0';
+                } else {
+                    // possibly not the best way to handle this, may be better to keep the backslash
+                    currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
+                    currentValue += c;
+                    previousChar = c;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentValue += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the DOUBLE_QUOTES state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseDoubleQuotes(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '\"':
+                if (previousChar != '\\') {
+                    state = ParserState.VALUE;
+                    currentValue += c;
+                    previousChar = '\0';
+                } else {
+                    currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
+                    currentValue += c;
+                    previousChar = c;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentValue += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Takes an input string with units and returns out the value in pixels. This is a fault-tolerant system.
      * When given an invalid string (i.e. "12p53x"), it will produce an invalid result instead of throwing.
      * However, it should parse every valid string correctly.
+     * <br>
+     * REQUIRES: A string of the form [NUMBER][VALIDUNIT]
+     * EFFECTS: Returns a number, in pixels, that has been converted appropriately
      */
-    private double parseUnits(String input) {
+    private static double parseUnits(String input) {
         String numbers = "";
         String units = "";
         // imagine making a language without iterable strings, fml
@@ -210,9 +274,17 @@ public class CssParser {
         try {
             value = Float.parseFloat(numbers);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-            System.out.printf("Did not parse a float from %s, proceeding with value 0.0...%n", numbers);
+            // System.out.printf("Did not parse a float from %s, proceeding with value 0.0...%n", numbers);
             value = 0.0;
         }
+        return convertUnits(units, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * REQUIRES: a String that is a unit, otherwise defaults to pixels
+     * EFFECTS: converts a value in some units to a value in pixels
+     */
+    private static double convertUnits(String units, double value) {
         // god case/break is such a fault-provoking design i hate it
         // good thing we avoid breaks entirely here lmao
         switch (units) {
@@ -226,7 +298,7 @@ public class CssParser {
             case "in": return value * 96;
             // not handled: % em ex ch rem lh rlh vw vh vmin vmax vb vi svw svh lvw lvh dvw dvh
             default:
-                System.out.printf("Unit %s not implemented, defaulting to %s in pixels...%n", units, value);
+                // System.out.printf("Unit %s not implemented, defaulting to %s in pixels...%n", units, value);
                 return value;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/model/html/ElementNode.java b/src/main/model/html/ElementNode.java
index 1d427e8..a1ad90c 100644
--- a/src/main/model/html/ElementNode.java
+++ b/src/main/model/html/ElementNode.java
@@ -12,28 +12,42 @@ public class ElementNode implements Node {
 
     private ArrayList<Node> children;
 
-    public String getTag() {
-        return this.tag;
-    }
-
-    public ArrayList<Node> getChildren() {
-        return this.children;
-    }
-
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Constructs a new ElementNode from the arguments provided.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
     public ElementNode(String tag, ArrayList<Pair<String, String>> attributes, ArrayList<Node> children) {
         this.tag = tag;
         this.attributes = attributes;
         this.children = children;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Overloads the constructor for ease of use. We often don't provide children, at first.
+     * EFFECTS: Constructs a new ElementNode from the arguments provided.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
     public ElementNode(String tag, ArrayList<Pair<String, String>> attributes) {
         this(tag, attributes, new ArrayList<Node>());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Adds a child to the children ArrayList.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
     public void addChild(Node child) {
         this.children.add(child);
     }
 
+    public String getTag() {
+        return this.tag;
+    }
+
+    public ArrayList<Node> getChildren() {
+        return this.children;
+    }
+
+    // We implement this method for easy debugging.
     public String getData() {
         return getTag();
     }
diff --git a/src/main/model/html/HtmlParser.java b/src/main/model/html/HtmlParser.java
index d6b4ff1..e9dc0c4 100644
--- a/src/main/model/html/HtmlParser.java
+++ b/src/main/model/html/HtmlParser.java
@@ -17,229 +17,317 @@ import org.javatuples.*;
  */
 public class HtmlParser {
 
+    /**
+     * HTML is not nice to parse. We manage to get away with a relatively small number of parser states regardless.
+     */
     private enum ParserState {
         HTML, IGNORED,
-        OPENING_TAG, KEY, VALUE,
-        SINGLE_QUOTE, DOUBLE_QUOTE,
+        OPENING_TAG, KEY, VALUE, // TAG::OPENING_TAG, TAG::KEY, TAG::VALUE
+        SINGLE_QUOTES, DOUBLE_QUOTES, // VALUE::SINGLE_QUOTES, VALUE::DOUBLE_QUOTES
         UNKNOWN_TAG, CLOSING_TAG,
     }
 
-    public static ArrayList<Node> parseHtmlLL(String input) {
+    // HTML documents are uniquely a list of Nodes rather than a Node themselves
+    private ArrayList<Node> result;
+    // a bunch of useful buffers. see CssParser for commentary.
+    private ArrayDeque<ElementNode> unfinished;
+    private String currentTag;
+    private ArrayList<Pair<String, String>> currentAttributes;
+    private String currentKey;
+    private String currentValue;
+    private String currentText;
+    // important for quote escapes, and multiple whitespace chars
+    private char previousChar;
 
-        var result = new ArrayList<Node>();
-        var unfinished = new ArrayDeque<ElementNode>();
-        var currentTag = "";
-        var currentAttributes = new ArrayList<Pair<String, String>>();
-        var currentKey = "";
-        var currentValue = "";
-        var currentText = "";
-        var previousChar = '\0'; // important for quote escapes, and multiple whitespace chars
+    private ParserState state;
+
+    public HtmlParser() {
+        result = new ArrayList<>();
+        unfinished = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        currentTag = "";
+        currentAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
+        currentKey = "";
+        currentValue = "";
+        currentText = "";
+        previousChar = '\0';
 
         // We safely? assume to start outside of all nodes.
-        ParserState state = ParserState.HTML;
+        state = ParserState.HTML;
+    }
+
+    public ArrayList<Node> parseHtml(String input) {
 
         for (char c : input.toCharArray()) {
             // System.out.print(state);
             // System.out.println(" " + c + " " + currentText);
             switch (state) {
-                case HTML:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '<':
-                            state = ParserState.UNKNOWN_TAG;
-                            if (!currentText.equals("")) {
-                                if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
-                                    unfinished.getLast().addChild(new TextNode(currentText));
-                                } else {
-                                    result.add(new TextNode(currentText));
-                                }
-                                currentText = "";
-                                previousChar = '\0';
-                            }
-                            break; // FOOTGUN LANGUAGE DESIGN
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            if (previousChar != ' ') {
-                                currentText += ' ';
-                            }
-                            previousChar = ' ';
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentText += c;
-                            previousChar = c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case HTML: caseHtml(c);
                     break;
-                case UNKNOWN_TAG:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '/':
-                            state = ParserState.CLOSING_TAG;
-                            break;
-                        case '>': // Why would you put <> in your HTML??? go away
-                            state = ParserState.HTML;
-                            currentText += "<>";
-                            System.out.println("Why would you put <> in your HTML??? go away");
-                            break;
-                        // For now, we'll straight-up ignore anything matching the <!...> syntax:
-                        // i.e. comments, and <!DOCTYPE html>
-                        case '!':
-                            state = ParserState.IGNORED;
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            state = ParserState.OPENING_TAG;
-                            currentTag += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case UNKNOWN_TAG: caseUnknownTag(c);
                     break; // FOOTGUN LANGUAGE DESIGN STRIKES AGAIN
-                case IGNORED:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '>':
-                            state = ParserState.HTML;
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case IGNORED: caseIgnored(c);
                     break;
-                case OPENING_TAG:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '>':
-                            state = ParserState.HTML;
-                            var node = new ElementNode(currentTag, currentAttributes);
-                            if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
-                                unfinished.getLast().addChild(node);
-                                unfinished.add(node);
-                            } else {
-                                result.add(node);
-                                unfinished.add((ElementNode) result.get(result.size() - 1));
-                            }
-                            currentTag = "";
-                            currentAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            state = ParserState.KEY;
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentTag += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case OPENING_TAG: caseOpeningTag(c);
                     break;
-                case CLOSING_TAG:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '>':
-                            state = ParserState.HTML;
-                            // IMPORTANT: we don't validate that closing tags correspond to an open tag
-                            if (!isSelfClosingTag(currentTag)) {
-                                if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
-                                    unfinished.removeLast();
-                                }
-                            }
-                            currentTag = "";
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentTag += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case CLOSING_TAG: caseClosingTag(c);
                     break;
-                case KEY:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '>':
-                            state = ParserState.HTML;
-                            var node = new ElementNode(currentTag, currentAttributes);
-                            if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
-                                unfinished.getLast().addChild(node);
-                                unfinished.add(node);
-                            } else {
-                                result.add(node);
-                                unfinished.add((ElementNode) result.get(result.size() - 1));
-                            }
-                            currentTag = "";
-                            currentAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
-                            break;
-                        case '=':
-                            state = ParserState.VALUE;
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentKey += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case KEY: caseKey(c);
                     break;
-                case VALUE:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '\'':
-                            state = ParserState.SINGLE_QUOTE;
-                            break;
-                        case '\"':
-                            state = ParserState.DOUBLE_QUOTE;
-                            break;
-                        case ' ': case '\n':
-                            currentAttributes.add(new Pair<>(currentKey, currentValue));
-                            currentKey = "";
-                            currentValue = "";
-                        case '>':
-                            if (!currentKey.equals("") || !currentValue.equals("")) {
-                                currentAttributes.add(new Pair<>(currentKey, currentValue));
-                                currentKey = "";
-                                currentValue = "";
-                            }
-                            state = ParserState.HTML;
-                            var node = new ElementNode(currentTag, currentAttributes);
-                            if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
-                                unfinished.getLast().addChild(node);
-                                unfinished.add(node);
-                            } else {
-                                result.add(node);
-                                unfinished.add((ElementNode) result.get(result.size() - 1));
-                            }
-                            currentTag = "";
-                            currentAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case VALUE: caseValue(c);
                     break;
-                case SINGLE_QUOTE:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '\'':
-                            if (previousChar != '\\') {
-                                state = ParserState.VALUE;
-                                previousChar = '\0';
-                            } else {
-                                currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
-                                currentValue += c;
-                                previousChar = c;
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            previousChar = c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case SINGLE_QUOTES: caseSingleQuotes(c);
                     break;
-                case DOUBLE_QUOTE:
-                    switch (c) {
-                        case '\"':
-                            if (previousChar != '\\') {
-                                state = ParserState.VALUE;
-                                previousChar = '\0';
-                            } else {
-                                currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
-                                currentValue += c;
-                                previousChar = c;
-                            }
-                        default:
-                            currentValue += c;
-                            previousChar = c;
-                            break;
-                    }
+                case DOUBLE_QUOTES: caseDoubleQuotes(c);
                     break;
             }
         }
         return result;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the HTML state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseHtml(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '<':
+                state = ParserState.UNKNOWN_TAG;
+                if (!currentText.equals("")) {
+                    addNewTextNode();
+                }
+                break; // FOOTGUN LANGUAGE DESIGN
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                if (previousChar != ' ') {
+                    currentText += ' ';
+                }
+                previousChar = ' ';
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentText += c;
+                previousChar = c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the UNKNOWN_TAG state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseUnknownTag(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '/':
+                state = ParserState.CLOSING_TAG;
+                break;
+            case '>': // Why would you put <> in your HTML??? go away
+                state = ParserState.HTML;
+                currentText += "<>";
+                break;
+            // For now, we'll straight-up ignore anything matching the <!...> syntax:
+            // i.e. comments, and <!DOCTYPE html>
+            case '!':
+                state = ParserState.IGNORED;
+                break;
+            default:
+                state = ParserState.OPENING_TAG;
+                currentTag += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the IGNORED state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseIgnored(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '>':
+                state = ParserState.HTML;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the OPENING_TAG state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseOpeningTag(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '>':
+                addNewElementNode();
+                break;
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                state = ParserState.KEY;
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentTag += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the CLOSING_TAG state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseClosingTag(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '>':
+                state = ParserState.HTML;
+                // IMPORTANT: we don't validate that closing tags correspond to an open tag
+                if (!isSelfClosingTag(currentTag)) {
+                    if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
+                        unfinished.removeLast();
+                    }
+                }
+                currentTag = "";
+                break;
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentTag += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the KEY state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseKey(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '>':
+                addNewElementNode();
+                break;
+            case '=':
+                state = ParserState.VALUE;
+                break;
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentKey += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the VALUE state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseValue(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '\'':
+                state = ParserState.SINGLE_QUOTES;
+                break;
+            case '\"':
+                state = ParserState.DOUBLE_QUOTES;
+                break;
+            case ' ': case '\n':
+                currentAttributes.add(new Pair<>(currentKey, currentValue));
+                currentKey = "";
+                currentValue = "";
+            case '>':
+                if (!currentKey.equals("") || !currentValue.equals("")) {
+                    currentAttributes.add(new Pair<>(currentKey, currentValue));
+                    currentKey = "";
+                    currentValue = "";
+                }
+                addNewElementNode();
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentValue += c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the SINGLE_QUOTES state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseSingleQuotes(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '\'':
+                if (previousChar != '\\') {
+                    state = ParserState.VALUE;
+                    previousChar = '\0';
+                } else {
+                    currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
+                    currentValue += c;
+                    previousChar = c;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                currentValue += c;
+                previousChar = c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Handles and updates parser state/buffers for a single character while in the DOUBLE_QUOTES state.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void caseDoubleQuotes(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '\"':
+                if (previousChar != '\\') {
+                    state = ParserState.VALUE;
+                    previousChar = '\0';
+                } else {
+                    currentValue = currentValue.substring(0, currentValue.length() - 2);
+                    currentValue += c;
+                    previousChar = c;
+                }
+                break; // FOOTGUN LANGUAGE DESIGN
+            default:
+                currentValue += c;
+                previousChar = c;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to remove code duplication.
+     * EFFECTS: Creates and adds a new ElementNode from the current buffers to the unfinished and result stacks
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void addNewElementNode() {
+        state = ParserState.HTML;
+        var node = new ElementNode(currentTag, currentAttributes);
+        if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
+            unfinished.getLast().addChild(node);
+            if (!isSelfClosingTag(currentTag)) {
+                unfinished.add(node);
+            }
+        } else {
+            result.add(node);
+            if (!isSelfClosingTag(currentTag)) {
+                unfinished.add((ElementNode) result.get(result.size() - 1));
+            }
+        }
+        currentTag = "";
+        currentAttributes = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to check method length boxes.
+     * EFFECTS: Creates and adds a new TextNode from the current buffers to the unfinished and result stacks
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
+    private void addNewTextNode() {
+        if (unfinished.size() != 0) {
+            unfinished.getLast().addChild(new TextNode(currentText));
+        } else {
+            result.add(new TextNode(currentText));
+        }
+        currentText = "";
+        previousChar = '\0';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Simple helper function to check if a tag is self-closing.
+     * EFFECTS: Returns whether a String tag is a self-closing tag.
+     */
     private static boolean isSelfClosingTag(String tag) {
         switch (tag) {
             case "input": case "param":
@@ -281,7 +369,7 @@ public class HtmlParser {
 	<div id="intro">
 		<img id="face" src="assets/compass.jpg"/>
 	</div>
-	<!-- <div id="details">
+	<div id="details">
 		<h2>Projects</h2>
 		<p> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,
 		sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
@@ -291,7 +379,7 @@ public class HtmlParser {
 		dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
 		Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa
 		qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. </p>
-		<h2>Posts</h2>
+		<!-- <h2>Posts</h2>
 		<p> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,
 		sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
 		Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
@@ -299,14 +387,12 @@ public class HtmlParser {
 		Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
 		dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
 		Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa
-		qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. </p>
-	</div> -->
+		qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. </p> -->
+	</div>
 	</main>
 	<footer>
 		<span><img src="assets/copyleft.svg" width="12" height="12"/> 2020-2022 j-james </span>
 	</footer>
 </body>
 </html>
-<!--
-
 */
diff --git a/src/main/model/html/TextNode.java b/src/main/model/html/TextNode.java
index 634bf3b..cf0078b 100644
--- a/src/main/model/html/TextNode.java
+++ b/src/main/model/html/TextNode.java
@@ -5,14 +5,19 @@ import model.util.Node;
 public class TextNode implements Node {
     private String text = "";
 
-    public String getText() {
-        return this.text;
-    }
-
+    /**
+     * EFFECTS: Creates a new TextNode from the provided String value.
+     * MODIFIES: this
+     */
     public TextNode(String text) {
         this.text = text;
     }
 
+    public String getText() {
+        return this.text;
+    }
+
+    // We implement this method for easy debugging.
     public String getData() {
         return getText();
     }
diff --git a/src/main/model/util/Node.java b/src/main/model/util/Node.java
index 010a2da..619404f 100644
--- a/src/main/model/util/Node.java
+++ b/src/main/model/util/Node.java
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package model.util;
 
 /**
- * yeah there's literally nothing here
- * i just need to establish that ElementNode and TextNode both inherit from Node
+ * yeah there's nothing here
+ * I just need to establish the inheritance relation of ElementNode and TextNode
  */
 public interface Node {
-    // Return a representation of the Node
+    // Return a representation of the Node. Useful for debugging.
     public String getData();
 }
diff --git a/src/test/model/CssParserTest.java b/src/test/model/CssParserTest.java
index 2852da5..fa395f6 100644
--- a/src/test/model/CssParserTest.java
+++ b/src/test/model/CssParserTest.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ public class CssParserTest {
     @Test
     void testIdiomaticCss() {
         var idiomaticCss = "body {    background-color: #f0f0f2;    margin: 0;  padding: 0;    font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\",    \"Open Sans\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;}div {    width: 600px;    margin: 5em auto;    padding: 2em;    background-color: #fdfdff;    border-radius: 0.5em;    box-shadow: 2px 3px 7px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);}a:link, a:visited {    color: #38488f;    text-decoration: none;}@media (max - width : 700px) {    div {        margin: 0 auto;        width: auto;    }}";
-        System.out.println(CssParser.parseLL(idiomaticCss));
+        CssParser parser = new CssParser();
+        System.out.println(parser.parseCSS(idiomaticCss));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/model/HtmlParserTest.java b/src/test/model/HtmlParserTest.java
index 4b05cfb..58b4555 100644
--- a/src/test/model/HtmlParserTest.java
+++ b/src/test/model/HtmlParserTest.java
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.util.*;
 
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
-
 public class HtmlParserTest {
 
     String idiomaticHtml = "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head><body><p>Hello,  world!</p></body></html>";
@@ -18,26 +16,31 @@ public class HtmlParserTest {
     @Test
     void testIdiomaticHtml() {
         String[] idiomaticHtmlArray = {"<!DOCTYPE html>","<html>","<head>","</head>","<body>","<p>","Hello,world!","</p>","</body>","</html>"};
-        var parsedHtml = HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(idiomaticHtml);
-        displayHtmlTree(parsedHtml);
-        System.out.println(HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(idiomaticHtml));
+        HtmlParser parser = new HtmlParser();
+        displayHtmlTree(parser.parseHtml(idiomaticHtml));
 //        assertEquals(HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(idiomaticHtml), Arrays.asList(idiomaticHtmlArray));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testBrokenHtml() {
         String[] brokenHtmlArray = {"<html>","<foo>","<bar>","</bar>","<ba>"};
-        System.out.println(HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(brokenHtml));
+        HtmlParser parser = new HtmlParser();
+        displayHtmlTree(parser.parseHtml(brokenHtml));
 //        assertEquals(HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(brokenHtml), Arrays.asList(brokenHtmlArray));
     }
 
     @Test
     void testTrailingTextHtml() {
         String[] trailingTextHtmlArray = {"<html>","<foo>","<bar>","</bar>","ba"};
-        System.out.println(HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(trailingTextHtml));
+        HtmlParser parser = new HtmlParser();
+        displayHtmlTree(parser.parseHtml(trailingTextHtml));
 //        assertEquals(HtmlParser.parseHtmlLL(trailingTextHtml), Arrays.asList(trailingTextHtmlArray));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Simple helper function for debugging.
+     * EFFECTS: prints a representation of the tree to the console for debugging purposes
+     */
     private void displayHtmlTree(ArrayList<Node> tree) {
         for (Node node : tree) {
             if (node instanceof ElementNode) {
-- 
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