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diff --git a/linguistics/syntax.md b/linguistics/syntax.md index de6a0b9..46708fa 100644 --- a/linguistics/syntax.md +++ b/linguistics/syntax.md @@ -420,8 +420,11 @@ This now makes our top-level phrase type $T$ instead of $V$. It will not remain ### verb raising ### subject-auxiliary inversion + ### head movement +## Move, Part II + ### wh-movement ### subject raising @@ -507,6 +510,7 @@ First, some definitions. We distinguish several classes of pronouns: Every pronoun (pro-form, really) has an **antecedent**: that is, the phrase or concept it is in *reference* to. In contrast to pronouns, we also have **r-expressions**: an **independently referential** expression. These are names, proper nouns, descriptions, epithets, and the like: ex. *Alice*, *British Columbia*, *the man on the corner*, *the idiot*, etc; and have no antecedent. We say that a node and another node are **coreferential** (or **co-indexed**) if they refer to the same concept or entity. On tree diagrams, we often refer to this with numerical ($_0$, $_1$, ...) or alphabetical ($_i$, $_j$, $_k$) subscripts. (Though we could also indicate this with arrows, we prefer to reserve those for movement, so as to not clutter our diagrams too much.) This is a useful notion when it comes to pronouns. + ... The theory of binding operates under three fundamental principles. @@ -542,6 +546,7 @@ We have discussed some principles that, clearly, cannot be a feature of all natu This notion of *principles* that occur for some languages and do not occur for others forms what is either the framework of *Principles and Parameters*, or *Government and Binding Theory*. I do not understand the difference between them, and suspect what is above to be a mixture of both as neither were explicitly mentioned. Nevertheless, everything given here is for English, not some cross-linguistic model of the mind. English remains useful by virtue of being mine and many's L1 language - and by being such a *mess* of a language that its structure cannot be explained away trivially. ### negation + ### ellipsis ## References |