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Diffstat (limited to 'mathematics/logic.md')
-rw-r--r-- | mathematics/logic.md | 14 |
1 files changed, 7 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/mathematics/logic.md b/mathematics/logic.md index e19cb52..0760a8c 100644 --- a/mathematics/logic.md +++ b/mathematics/logic.md @@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ and many others. ## orders of logic -### [propositional logic](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/propositional+logic) +### propositional logic -**propositional logic** or **zeroth-order logic** deals with raw *propositions*. +[**propositional logic**](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/propositional+logic) or **zeroth-order logic** deals with raw *propositions*. **propositions** are statements that *reduce* to a **truth value**. truth values are classically either true or false. in non-classical logics, this can differ. @@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ the basic foundations of propositional logic are as follows: notation | definition ---------|-------------- +0 | *false* +1 | *true* p | a *proposition* ¬p | *not* p p → q | *if* p *then* q, p *implies* q -0 | *false* -1 | *true* several logical connectives are *derivable* from the above: @@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ notation | derivation | definition ------|---------------------|---- p ∨ q | ¬p → q | p *or* q, *disjunction* p ∧ q | ¬(p → ¬q) | p *and* q, *conjunction* -p → q | ¬p ∨ q | p *implies* q, (material) *implication* (again) +p → q | ¬p ∨ q | p *implies* q, (material) *implication* p ↔ q | (p → q) ∧ (q → p) | p *if and only if* q, p *iff* q p ⊕ q | (p ∨ q) ∧ ¬(p ∧ q) | p *exclusively or* q, p *xor* q p ↑ q | ¬(p ∧ q) | p *not both* q, p *nand* q p ↓ q | ¬(p ∨ q) | *neither* p *nor* q, p *nor* q note that several of these definitions are circular. -our choice in $¬$ and $→$ as the primitive connectives is thus arbitrary. +our choice in ¬ and → as the primitive connectives is thus arbitrary. interestingly, ↑ and ↓ are *functionally complete*: we may define all other connectives in terms of them. -<details> +<details markdown="block"> <summary>aside: nand and nor</summary> notation | definition |