path: root/runtime/tutor.txt

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                 A post-modern modal text editor.
_________________________________________________________________

 Welcome to the Helix editor! Helix is different from editors
 you might be used to in that it is modal, meaning that it has
 different modes for editing text. The primary modes you will
 use are Normal mode and Insert mode. While in Normal mode, the
 keys you press won't actually type text. Instead, they will
 perform various actions with the text. This allows for more
 efficient editing. This tutor will teach you how you can make
 use of Helix's modal editing features. To begin, ensure your
 caps-lock key is not pressed and hold the j key until you reach
 the first lesson.


=================================================================
=                     BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT                     =
=================================================================

          ↑
          k       * h is on the left
      ← h   l →   * l is on the right
          j       * j looks like a down arrow
          ↓

 The cursor can be moved using the h, j, k, l keys, as shown
 above. The cursor/arrow keys will also work, but it is faster
 to use the hjkl keys as they are closer to the other keys you
 will be using. Try moving around to get a feel for hjkl.
 Once you're ready, hold j to continue to the next lesson.







=================================================================
=                        EXITING HELIX                          =
=================================================================

 1. Press the : key to enter command mode. Your cursor will
    move to the bottom of the screen.
 2. Type q or quit and press <ENTER> to exit Helix.

 Note: The quit command will fail if there are unsaved changes.
       To force quit and DISCARD these changes, use q! or quit!.
       You will learn how to save files later.

 To exit command mode without entering a command, press <ESC>.

 Now, move on to the next lesson.







=================================================================
=                           DELETION                            =
=================================================================

 Press the d key to delete the character under the cursor.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Move the cursor to each extra character, and press d to
    delete it.

 --> Thhiss senttencee haass exxtra charracterss.

 Once the sentence is correct, move on to the next lesson.









=================================================================
=                          INSERT MODE                          =
=================================================================

 Press the i key to enter Insert mode.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Move to a place in the line which is missing text and press
    i to enter Insert mode. Keys you press will now type text.
 3. Enter the missing text.
 4. Press <ESC> to exit Insert mode and return to Normal mode.
 5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.

 --> Th stce misg so.
     This sentence is missing some text.

 Note: If you want to move the cursor while in Insert mode,
       you may use the arrow keys instead of exiting and
       reentering Insert mode.
 Note: The status bar will display your current mode.
       Notice that when you press i, 'NOR' changes to 'INS'.

=================================================================
=                      MORE ON INSERT MODE                      =
=================================================================

 As you saw, you can press i to enter Insert mode at the current
 position of the cursor. There are a few other ways you can
 enter Insert mode at different locations.

 Common examples of insertion commands include:
   i - Insert before the selection.
   a - Insert after the selection. (a means 'append')
   I - Insert at the start of the line.
   A - Insert at the end of the line.

 1. Move to anywhere in the line below marked -->.
 2. Press A (<SHIFT> + a), your cursor will move to the end of
    the line and you will be able to type.
 3. Type the text necessary to match the line below.

 --> This sentence is miss
     This sentence is missing some text.

=================================================================
=                         SAVING A FILE                         =
=================================================================

 Use :w/:write to save a file.

 1. Exit Helix using :q! as explained before, or open a new
    terminal.
 2. Open a file in Helix by running: hx FILENAME
 3. Make some edits to the file.
 4. Press the : key to enter command mode.
 5. Type w or write, and press <ENTER> to save the file.

 You can also use wq or write-quit to save and exit.

 Note: You can optionally enter a filepath after the w/write
       command in order to save to that path.
 Note: If there are any unsaved changes to a file, a plus [+]
       will appear next to the file name in the status bar.



=================================================================
=                             RECAP                             =
=================================================================

 * Use the h,j,k,l keys to move the cursor.

 * Press : to enter command mode.
   * The q/quit and q!/quit! commands will exit Helix. The
     former fails when there are unsaved changes. The latter
     discards them.
   * The w/write command will save the file.
   * The wq/write-quit command will do both.

 * Press d to delete the character at the cursor.

 * Press i to enter Insert mode and type text. Press <ESC> to
   return to Normal mode.





=================================================================
=                    MOTIONS AND SELECTIONS                     =
=================================================================

 Press w to select forward until the next word.

 The d key doesn't actually delete the character at the cursor,
 it deletes all selected text. Your cursor is like a
 single-character selection.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Move to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
 3. Press w to select until the beginning of the next word.
 4. Press d to delete the selection.
 5. Repeat for all extra words in the line.

 --> This sentence pencil has vacuum extra words in the it.





=================================================================
=                        MORE ON MOTIONS                        =
=================================================================

 As you saw, pressing w moves the cursor forward until the start
 of the next word, selecting the text traversed. This is useful
 for moving around text and for selecting text to operate on.

 Some common motions include:
   w - Move forward to before the beginning of the next word.
   e - Move forward to the end of the current word.
   b - Move backward to the beginning of the current word.

 The w,e,b motions also have counterparts - W,E,B - which
 traverse WORDS instead of words. WORDS are only separated by
 whitespace, whereas words can be separated by other characters
 in addition to whitespace.

 All of these motions select the text they traverse.



=================================================================
=                      THE CHANGE COMMAND                       =
=================================================================

 Press c to change the current selection.

 The change command deletes the current selection and enters
 Insert mode, so it is a very common shorthand for di.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Move to the start of an incorrect word and press w to
    select it.
 3. Press c to delete the word and enter Insert mode.
 4. Type the correct word.
 5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.

 --> This paper has heavy words behind it.
     This sentence has incorrect words in it.




=================================================================
=                      COUNTS WITH MOTIONS                      =
=================================================================

 Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

 2. Type 2w to move 2 words forward.

 3. Type 3e to move to the end of the third word forward.

 4. Type 2b to move 2 words backwards

 5. Try the above with different numbers.

 --> This is just a line with words you can move around in.





=================================================================
=                        SELECTING LINES                        =
=================================================================

 Press x to select a whole line. Press again to select the next.

 1. Move the cursor to the second line below marked -->.
 2. Press x to select the line, and d to delete it.
 3. Move to the fourth line.
 4. Press x twice or type 2x to select 2 lines, and d to delete.

 --> 1) Roses are red,
 --> 2) Mud is fun,
 --> 3) Violets are blue,
 --> 4) I have a car,
 --> 5) Clocks tell time,
 --> 6) Sugar is sweet,
 --> 7) And so are you.




=================================================================
=                            UNDOING                            =
=================================================================

 Type u to undo. Type U to redo.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Move to the first error, and press d to delete it.
 3. Type u to undo your deletion.
 4. Fix all the errors on the line.
 5. Type u several times to undo your fixes.
 6. Type U (<SHIFT> + u) several times to redo your fixes.

 --> Fiix the errors on thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.








=================================================================
=                             RECAP                             =
=================================================================

 * Type w to select forward until the next word.
   * Type e to select to the end of the current word.
   * Type b to select backward to the start of the current word.
   * Use uppercase counterparts, W,E,B, to traverse WORDS.

 * Typing d deletes the entire selection, so you can delete a
   word forward by typing wd.

 * Type c to delete the selection and enter Insert mode.

 * Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.

 * Type x to select the entire current line. Type x again to
   select the next line.

 * Type u to undo. Type U to redo.


=================================================================
=                       MULTIPLE CURSORS                        =
=================================================================

 Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next line.

 1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.
 2. Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next line. Keys you
    press will now affect both cursors.
 3. Use Insert mode to correct the lines. The two cursors will
    fix both lines simultaneously.
 4. Type , to remove the second cursor.

 --> Fix th two nes at same ime.
 --> Fix th two nes at same ime.

     Fix these two lines at the same time.





=================================================================
=                      THE SELECT COMMAND                       =
=================================================================

 Type s to select matches in the selection.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Press x to select the line.
 3. Press s. A prompt will appear.
 4. Type 'apples' and press <ENTER>. Both occurrences of
    'apples' in the line will be selected.
 5. You can now press c and change 'apples' to something else,
    like 'oranges'.
 6. Type , to remove the second cursor.

 --> I like to eat apples since my favorite fruit is apples.






=================================================================
=                      SELECTING VIA REGEX                      =
=================================================================

 The select command selects regular expressions, not just exact
 matches, allowing you to target more complex patterns.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
 2. Select the line with x and then press s.
 3. Enter '  +' to select any amount of consecutive spaces >1.
 4. Press c and change the matches to single spaces.

 --> This  sentence has   some      extra spaces.

 Note: If you want to perform find-and-replace, the select
       command is the way to do it. Select the text you want
       to replace in — type % to select the whole file — and
       then perform the steps explained above.




=================================================================
=                     COLLAPSING SELECTIONS                     =
=================================================================

 Type ; to collapse selections to single cursors.

 Sometimes, you want to deselect without having to move the
 cursor(s). This can be done using the ; key.

 1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.

 2. Use the motions you have learned to move around the line,
    and try using ; to deselect the text after it is selected
    by the motions.

 --> This is an error-free line with words to move around in.






=================================================================
 This tutorial is still a work-in-progress.
 More sections are planned.